Heat treatment

Heat treatment of metal is a technological process, the essence of which is to change the structure of metals and alloys during heating, aging and cooling. According to a special regime, and thus, to change the mechanical and physical properties of the latter.

Types of heat treatment of metal:

1. Annealing is heat treatment of metal, during which the metal is heated and then slowly cooled.
2. Normalization is a heat treatment similar to annealing. These heat treatments (normalizing and annealing) have a difference. It is that during normalizing, the steel is cooled in air (during annealing, it is cooled in a furnace).
3. Hardening (hardening) – metal heat treatment is based on the recrystallization of steel (alloys) when heated to a temperature above the critical temperature. After sufficient exposure at the critical temperature to complete the heat treatment, rapid cooling follows. Hardened steel (alloy) has an unbalanced structure, so another type of heat treatment is used – tempering.
4. Tempering – heat treatment of metal. Specialists perform it after hardening to reduce or remove residual stresses in steel and alloys. It increases the viscosity, reduces the hardness and brittleness of the metal;
5. Cementation is a specialized chemical and thermal treatment in which the surface of the steel is saturated with carbon. There are two types of saturation: solid and gaseous carbon. Cementation of steel is usually carried out at temperatures above 930-950 ° C, when austenite is stable, which dissolves carbon in large quantities. The main purpose of such a process is to significantly increase the hardness of the metal, its resistance to wear, and also to increase its resistance to torsion;

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